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Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…thrombolysis within 4.5 hours improves functional outcome in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…seizures coma The symptom threshold varies. After prolonged hyperglycaemia the patient may experience hypoglycaemia like symptoms at a normal glucose. With frequent hypoglycaemia the warning…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…is to be expected, that the area will be red and weeping for a week or so, and that hypopigmentation may be permanent. Document the…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from 140 to 125 mmol/L…

Cardiac arrest in hypothermia (accidental hypothermia)

…the patient's coldness can mimic post mortem conditions. Therefore, a meticulous assessment of vital signs is crucial. Exceptionally high survival rates have been documented…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach a laboratory value without a clinical question. A patient who declines blood transfusion. The decision must be documented…

Reduction of dislocations

…neurovascular status must be documented before and after every attempt at reduction — otherwise it is impossible to determine afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…are not restricted to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations…

Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…and APS. Some patient groups have a two to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence…

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