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Casting and immobilisation

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…and a history of pain exacerbation with inspiration, along with a pleural friction rub, helps differentiate it from angina pectoris [5]. 5. Pulmonary Hypertension Pain…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above. It is important that history taking and…

Paracentesis

…in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often lacks abdominal pain and…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…and also avoid bending the back during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of pain and sickness absence for ultrasound practitioners…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…the corticosteroid and the lidocaine in the same syringe. The anaesthetic confirms that the injection has gone to the right place — immediate pain relief is…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…spot, in three minutes, without drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The…

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