…rest pain in the foot or leg, or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can…

…in selected cases, but surgery is the standard. Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in…

…and toes. Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is horizontal. Improvement when the leg is placed in a dependent position. With…

…breathlessness in the palliative phase (at lower doses than for pain). An opioid is rarely the right choice in nociplastic or neuropathic pain, in chronic…

…inability to reach their maximal heart rate. Ultimately, the specificity of exercise stress testing is lower in the elderly, as compared to younger individuals. Sensitivity…

…ECG, and normal initial troponin may be observed in a chest pain unit or another non intensive care setting while serial testing is completed. Diagnostic…

…straightforward: ultrasound to find the fluid, an insertion site in the left lower quadrant lateral to the rectus sheath, and a cell count plus albumin…

…Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed available…

…up. 3. Ocular movements in all directions; pain on upward gaze may suggest an orbital floor fracture. 4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5…

…rigors, abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the…