…with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations The central pathophysiological concern in the emergency department is…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

…The table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed…

…from apical windows. The patient's left arm should be placed under the patient's head. This stretches in the chest wall, such that the…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…No smoking or coffee in the preceding hour. Remove socks and any compression stockings. Avoid measuring the arm pressure on the side with a dialysis…

…after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or restricted movement (therapeutic aspiration). Intra articular corticosteroid injection in verified inflammatory or osteoarthritis related joint disease. Contraindications…

…dislocations. There is a hollow beneath the acromion, the arm is held in slight abduction and external rotation, and the patient resists internal rotation. Check…

…temporal pattern. Change in frequency, severity, or exercise threshold. Potential anginal equivalents include: Dyspnoea on exertion. Fatigue. Dizziness during exertion. Discomfort in the arm, jaw…

…opioid at the same time. Opioids in abdominal pain of unclear cause do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination…