…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

…numbness of the foot and toes. Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is horizontal. Improvement when the leg is placed in…

…disease and at the same time indicates a substantially increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Indications Intermittent claudication, rest pain in the foot or…

…ongoing compression therapy, and always in the event of new or increasing pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle brachial index, blood pressure cuff…

…and 25 micrograms/hour to approximately 40–50 mg of oral morphine per day. Patches have no place in acute, unstable pain: the onset takes…

…remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations…

…and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

…treatment review. For a fuller account of two of the commonest acute drug problems, see Warfarin therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest…

…and a history of pain exacerbation with inspiration, along with a pleural friction rub, helps differentiate it from angina pectoris [5]. 5. Pulmonary Hypertension Pain…