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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and genetics, while the biopsy shows…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…with several simultaneous renal insults. Infection, hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction, haemodynamic instability, anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast…

Abscess incision and drainage

…abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment 1. History: duration, previous ulcers, DVT, varicose veins, claudication, diabetes, smoking, character of the pain…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant…

Central venous catheter

…of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated potassium, cytotoxic drugs, parenteral nutrition. The need for several simultaneous, incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…within 5 minutes following the maternal cardiac arrest. Within the context of pregnancy, hypovolemia and other etiologies of hypotension remain the predominant causes of cardiac…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…a separate platelet activation pathway. The principal oral P2Y12 inhibitors discussed in the source material are clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Combining aspirin with a P2Y12…

De-escalation and Shortened Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients at High Bleeding Risk

…stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical management. The standard post ACS regimen is DAPT for 12…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…although the exact exposure threshold and duration required are not established. The source material identifies chronic intake of approximately 60 g daily in males and…

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