…atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL C by approximately 16.5%; the reduction in a subgroup…

…and pathophysiology Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the combined use of aspirin and an oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. It is central to the prevention of…

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM…

…Oral doses sufficient to control arrhythmias do not depress left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), even in patients with reduced LVEF. However, due to its antiadrenergic…

…or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or diarrhoea, unable to keep tablets down…

…days Hospital acquired pneumonia, non severe cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV 8 days including oral step down Hospital acquired pneumonia, severe piperacillin–tazobactam 4…

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Intensivvård Lathundar Clinical use This overview is a quick reference to the intravenous antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the…

…should as a rule not be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Restart or optimise oral treatment and ensure follow up. Rapid lowering can worsen cerebral…

…not to a schedule. Always prescribe a laxative and an antiemetic as required at the same time as the opioid. Approximate equianalgesic conversion Opioid Oral…

…for the first week. Indications A mechanical valve prosthesis — warfarin is mandatory, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are contraindicated. Antiphospholipid syndrome, particularly triple positive disease…

…rivaroxaban (Xarelto®). If oral anticoagulation is indicated, NOACs should be chosen except in patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis or mechanical heart valves; for…

…patients, regardless of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or superiorly to other bleeding risk assessment tools, such…

…to reduce recurrent infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy…

…often ICU Usually outpatient Initial treatment Carefully titrated intravenous therapy when indicated Oral treatment and prompt follow up Main risk of management Overtreatment may impair…

…Due to a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to…

…the disease. Approximately 12% die within 30 days, compared to the 30 day mortality of STEMI (ST segment elevation infarction) , which is about 6%. Previously…

…instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer nitrous oxide, oral or intravenous analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance…

…and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min , not eGFR relative to 1.73 m². Recalculate in patients who are markedly larger or smaller…

…anticoagulant 1 Consider an oral anticoagulant, particularly at age ≥ 65 years ≥ 2 An oral anticoagulant is recommended A DOAC is preferred to warfarin except in…

…nasal route; the oral route may then be considered. Preparation and equipment A 12 lead ECG machine able to print at 100 mm/s . A…

…before and after every attempt at reduction — otherwise it is impossible to determine afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by…

…list (metformin, NSAIDs, RAAS blockade, gabapentin, direct oral anticoagulants) and refer to nephrology at an eGFR < 30, with rapid deterioration, or with A3 albuminuria.

…These thresholds are also assay dependent. Follow up of known HPA suppression to determine whether replacement can be stopped. The test is not the first…

…and the local care programme applies. In practice the cooling device is set to a target of around 37.0–37.5 °C , that is…

…severe bleeding. Particular caution is required for: Patients aged ≥ 75 years. Patients with a tendency to bleed (e.g., due to recent trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal…

…safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating oral medical therapy for heart failure within 2 days before anticipated hospital discharge and…

…usually with aspirin and clopidogrel. Shortening therapy to one to three months is an option when bleeding risk is very high. Prasugrel or ticagrelor may…

…driver of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, primarily due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of AF has evolved…

…with ECG may reveal atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, atrial fibrillation is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure…

…the biopsy defect then becomes oval when the skin is released, which allows neater closure. 4. Place the punch perpendicular to the skin and rotate…

…crucial to be familiar with these devices. This section is devoted to artificial pacemakers. More advanced devices (ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy…