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ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…A patient may have: Relatively high apoB despite normal or low LDL C or non HDL C Relatively low apoB despite higher cholesterol concentrations When…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…SPECT or CMR. Relative flow reserve compares perfusion in a stenotic territory with that in a normal reference region under similar haemodynamic conditions. CFR and…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Role Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a non invasive anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen…

Arterial line

…metabolic derangement. Major surgery with expected blood loss or large volume shifts. Patients in whom non invasive measurement is unreliable: marked obesity, pronounced vasoconstriction, arrhythmia…

Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

…The laryngeal mask is a compromise and does not protect the airway completely. Relative contraindications: A high risk of aspiration: a non fasted patient, ileus…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…analyses show that aspirin can reduce non fatal cardiovascular events, but does not reduce cardiovascular or all cause mortality. Reported relative effects include: Approximately 11…

Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: Evolution, Evidence and Stent Choice

…bleeding risk, the anticipated need for non cardiac surgery, procedural complexity, and the relative merits of PCI and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Definition and…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…that are taken up by myocardial tissue. The distribution of retained tracer provides tomographic information about relative regional perfusion. Imaging is generally performed at rest…

Central venous catheter

…cannula bridges the gap until conditions are controlled. Contraindications In life threatening conditions all contraindications are relative — but they govern which site is chosen. Infection…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…and produces reductions in LDL C, non high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP). Bempedoic acid also activates adenosine…

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