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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…after vascular surgery or endovascular intervention. Assessment of healing potential in ulcers and before deciding the level of amputation. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing but the ankle…

Reduction of dislocations

…surgeon. Dislocation of a native hip (as opposed to a prosthesis) — a high risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these patients…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…of persistent ST segment elevation. This does not imply low risk: patients with NSTE ACS may have substantial myocardial ischaemia, dynamic ECG abnormalities, myocardial necrosis…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…Experimentally, necrosis advances from the subendocardium towards the subepicardium over several hours. The extent and tempo of injury are influenced by collateral flow, myocardial oxygen…

The 3-phase model of sudden cardiac arrest

…Myocardial necrosis (infarction) commences within 20 minutes of circulatory collapse. The electrical phase: Defibrillate It is likely that the majority of cardiac arrests are triggered…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…and Pathophysiology Posterior myocardial infarction is myocardial necrosis involving the posterior region of the left ventricle, usually as part of an inferoposterior or posterolateral infarction…

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