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Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…perfusion is insufficient to meet the basal nutritional requirements of tissue. Typical symptoms include: Ischaemic rest pain. Coldness or numbness of the foot and toes…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…rivaroxaban, edoxaban Prothrombin complex concentrate, consider within 15 hours of the last dose. Andexanet alfa where available Low molecular weight heparin Protamine has only a…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…Delirium is common but often missed. On medical and geriatric wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…rupture risk; one guideline summary describes approximately a four fold greater risk. This difference informs the use of sex specific surveillance and repair thresholds. Clinical…

Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…110 mmHg Uncorrected medical conditions, such as significant anemia, important electrolyte imbalance, and hyperthyroidism Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg, with increased risk of hypotension in…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…and sudden cardiac death. The relationship between glycaemia and cardiovascular disease is complex. Glycaemic control is important for prevention of microvascular complications, but intensive glucose…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Palpable foot pulses are not an acceptable substitute, and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial…

Abscess incision and drainage

…somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face or perianally. Indications Fluctuant…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…the foot lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the arm. 4. Posterior tibial artery — behind the medial…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…fold, and is the only tissue that produces new nail. Its visible distal part is the lunula. The matrix horns are the lateral extensions of…

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