…measures of perfusion Parameter Normal Comment : : : Heart rate 50–100/min MAP 70–105 mmHg Target ≥ 65 mmHg in shock; higher in known hypertension Pulse…

…preservation of adequate right ventricular preload while supporting left ventricular performance and systemic circulation. Improvement in left ventricular function also lowers pulmonary arterial and pulmonary…

…departments; a palpable ulnar pulse and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…bradypnoea or apnoea Pulse Under 110 per minute At least 110 per minute Bradycardia or arrhythmia PEF Over 50 percent of personal best or predicted…

…Consequently, isolated systolic hypertension and widening pulse pressure are common in later life. These changes contribute to the complexity of defining an appropriate treatment target…

…airway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness. 2. Attach ECG, pulse oximetry and repeated blood pressure measurement when a hypertensive emergency is suspected. 3. Insert…

…Prevention of recurrence after a healed venous ulcer. After deep vein thrombosis with post thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot…

…should include: palpation of peripheral pulses; auscultation for carotid, femoral, and abdominal bruits; bilateral brachial blood pressure measurement; cardiac auscultation; inspection of the legs and…

…is derived by measuring flow velocities across the mitral valve using pulsed Doppler. Estimating left ventricular filling pressure via e' . Measurement of deceleration time (DT) …