…or preserved Whether hypotension is present Whether an accessory pathway is suspected, particularly before administration of digoxin The duration of the AF episode, if known…

…parenteral nutrition. The need for several simultaneous, incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple…

…in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery. Plaque erosion or rupture exposes thrombogenic material to circulating blood. Platelets adhere…

…a greater likelihood of cure. When to investigate General indications Patients with suggestive signs, symptoms, or medical histories should undergo appropriate screening for secondary hypertension…

…pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue for the operating theatre rather than the emergency room: a very large or deep abscess, a markedly…

…lidocaine–prilocaine) or infiltration anaesthesia for painful debridement. Wound bed dressing chosen by exudate volume, edge protection (zinc paste, barrier film). Compression materials: two layer…

…a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix…

…criteria exist. Figure 1. Flow chart for the investigation of suspected endocarditis. Vegetations Vegetations are ecotate masses made up of the foci of infection. Vegetations…

…or pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide specific details regarding the physical examination maneuvers for patients with…

…presenting feature. The source material emphasizes that patients and families should be educated to recognize chest discomfort or dyspnoea as potentially indicating myocardial infarction, particularly…