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Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…change management. In patients with a very low probability of obstructive CAD, testing may generate false positive results and unnecessary downstream procedures. In patients with…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…may contribute to vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS have more comorbidities…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…Presentation and Symptoms The clinical spectrum of ACS is broad. Patients may be asymptomatic at presentation, have persistent chest discomfort, or present with cardiac arrest…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…A patient with a plasma potassium of 6.2 mmol/L, new bradycardia and acute kidney injury may be at greater immediate risk than a…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure lowering can limit the damage. The choice of drug…

Paracentesis

…Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever, abdominal pain…

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