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Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…vascular dementia, and thromboembolism may affect organs other than the brain. Patients with AF in the setting of ACS have more comorbidities and a higher…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…used: Grade Clinical picture Management : : : Mild allergic reaction Skin or mucosa only, stable breathing and circulation Observation, a non sedating antihistamine for symptoms Anaphylaxis Objective…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…management. In patients with a very low probability of obstructive CAD, testing may generate false positive results and unnecessary downstream procedures. In patients with a…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…establish whether the presentation represents ACS and whether the patient is clinically unstable. Particular attention is required for evidence of: Ongoing or recurrent chest discomfort…

Paracentesis

…sheath, and a cell count plus albumin on the sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites…

Hyperkalaemia: quick reference for emergency treatment

…new bradycardia and acute kidney injury may be at greater immediate risk than a stable dialysis patient with a plasma potassium of 6.6 mmol…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…medicine is currently witnessing a paradigm shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…symptoms New confusion Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…coronary and renal perfusion, particularly in patients with long standing hypertension and a rightward shifted autoregulation [1,3]. The term hypertensive urgency is best avoided…

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