…form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation…

…luminal diameter A high degree of residual stenosis Long lesion length Diabetes Untreated edge dissection DES have reduced restenosis compared with BMS, and newer generation…

…than either drug alone. Long term efficacy data remain limited, and the possibility that chronic If channel blockade could increase sympathetic activity, with adverse remodelling…

…an emergency, where peripheral venous access often takes too long. Intraosseous access accepts all drugs, fluids and blood products that can be given intravenously , at…

…patients. Extension beyond 12 months DAPT beyond 12 months may be considered in patients who: Have tolerated DAPT without significant bleeding. Have high ischaemic risk…

…age, height and ethnicity — not against absolute figures. Since 2022 the z score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the…

Procedurer Spirometry is the only investigation that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of…

…airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first feed then becomes a direct instillation into the lung…

…liver disease, airway or lung disease, and hyperthyroidism; follow up and investigation of the cause of increased flow are appropriate. Exercise PH is defined by…

…e the frequency is reduced when studying distant objects). These concepts have been discussed in detail previously. The gain is regulated with TGC and gain…