…tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause Isolated bilirubin Unconjugated, the others normal Gilbert's syndrome…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic rationale Inclisiran is a liver directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin…

…Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial loading dose: 300–500 mg…

…defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow S dominant Reduced S wave systolic flow reversal, jet reaching liver veins Additional quantitative parameters Mild…

…despite maximally tolerated therapy. It is a prodrug activated predominantly in the liver by very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is…

…By reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, it decreases the quantity of cholesterol delivered to the liver. The resulting hepatic response includes increased expression of low density…

…APTT, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, albumin, urea and a blood gas with lactate 5 Give crystalloid in small boluses with frequent reassessment. Give blood…

…significant bleeding. Pregnancy in the first trimester and close to delivery (embryopathy and fetal bleeding respectively). Marked liver failure with coagulopathy. Severe uncontrolled hypertension. Recent…

…scores. Each incorporates various clinical parameters to stratify bleeding risk. HAS BLED: Incorporates factors such as hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke history, bleeding history…

…score is an acronym that stands for: H ypertension A bnormal renal/liver function S troke B leeding history or predisposition L abile INR (International…

…History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C. Dosage Adults Initial dose : A single loading…

…defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow S dominant Reduced S wave systolic flow reversal, jet reaching liver veins Additional quantitative parameters Mild…

…active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of ticagrelor with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin…

…metabolism, yielding desethylamiodarone as a major active metabolite. Both the parent drug and its metabolite accumulate extensively in various tissues, including the liver, lung, fat…

…may influence blood pressure, glucose–insulin homeostasis, lipids and apolipoproteins, endothelial function, systemic inflammation, liver fat synthesis, adiposity, thrombosis and coagulation, cardiac function, satiety, appetite…

…woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminases, and thrombocytopenia—is generally regarded as a severe preeclamptic phenotype or variant. Pathophysiology The…

…risk must be considered alongside thromboembolic risk. The HAS BLED score includes hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, prior stroke, bleeding tendency or previous bleeding…

…CRP, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, glucose and lactate. Add a blood gas, coagulation tests and other investigations according to the clinical picture 5 Take…

…morphine Morphine has an active renally excreted metabolite that causes late sedation and respiratory depression Marked liver failure A reduced dose of all of them…

…75 years Start at half the adult dose and lengthen the interval Liver failure A reduced dose and a longer interval for all opioids Obesity…

…profound shock, very limited decompression may be considered in consultation with a cardiothoracic surgeon. Myocardial rupture after myocardial infarction, and traumatic haemopericardium — these require surgery;…

…coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Relative Ongoing anticoagulant treatment — plan the aspiration for the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection…

…skin, smell, injection marks, medication patches and trauma. Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…necessary. Impaired renal function : No dose adjustments are necessary. Impaired liver function : No dose adjustments are necessary. Elderly (≥ 65 years) : No dose adjustments are necessary…

…Amyloidosis: This form arises from the misfolding of transthyretin, a protein produced primarily in the liver [10]. ATTR is subclassified based on the TTR gene…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a non invasive method for detecting and quantifying calcified coronary atherosclerotic…

…the reductions in hard cardiovascular outcomes (MI, stroke) and metabolic liver disease involve significant weight independent pathways. 15 Metabolic Reprogramming and Vascular Health GLP 1…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) refers to atherosclerotic narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies…

…oxidative stress. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease affects approximately 10% of non obese individuals and up to 65% of patients with metabolic syndrome. A…

…not shared to the same extent by statins. Inclisiran Inclisiran is a liver targeted small interfering RNA. It promotes degradation of the messenger RNA encoding…

…pulmonary vascular disease. This state is termed unclassified PH. Potential explanations include congenital heart disease, liver disease, airway or lung disease, and hyperthyroidism; follow up…

…validated tools, with the HAS BLED score being the most widely recommended. It evaluates Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke history, Bleeding history, Labile INRs…

…burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As soon as possible — kill it first…

…pressure and high cholesterol levels, among other risk factors, were strongly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However, association is not the same…

…tissue enzymes, including neprilysin. Their respective half lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations…

…low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5 ng/L). This is explained…

…heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of major congenital malformations. CHD occurs in approximately 1% of live births, and 10% of aborted fetuses…

…most common causes of tricuspid regurgitation are as follows: Right ventricular dysfunction due to pressure/volume overload. Right ventricular infarction. Ebstein's anomaly (Figure 1)…

…makes positioning impossible. Severe angina, heart failure or recent myocardial infarction. Red flags — investigate further instead Finding Suggests : : Nystagmus that is purely vertical, downbeating or…