…active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of ticagrelor with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, clarithromycin…

…tumour, primary biliary cholangitis, drugs Mixed Both raised Drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause Isolated bilirubin Unconjugated, the others normal Gilbert's syndrome…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and therapeutic rationale Inclisiran is a liver directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin…

…contraindications: Hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia. Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute…

…defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow S dominant Reduced S wave systolic flow reversal, jet reaching liver veins Additional quantitative parameters Mild…

…despite maximally tolerated therapy. It is a prodrug activated predominantly in the liver by very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is…

…By reducing intestinal cholesterol absorption, it decreases the quantity of cholesterol delivered to the liver. The resulting hepatic response includes increased expression of low density…

…APTT, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, albumin, urea and a blood gas with lactate 5 Give crystalloid in small boluses with frequent reassessment. Give blood…

…significant bleeding. Pregnancy in the first trimester and close to delivery (embryopathy and fetal bleeding respectively). Marked liver failure with coagulopathy. Severe uncontrolled hypertension. Recent…

…scores. Each incorporates various clinical parameters to stratify bleeding risk. HAS BLED: Incorporates factors such as hypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke history, bleeding history…

…score is an acronym that stands for: H ypertension A bnormal renal/liver function S troke B leeding history or predisposition L abile INR (International…

…History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C. Dosage Adults Initial dose : A single loading…

…defined < 0,7 0,7 Liver vein flow S dominant Reduced S wave systolic flow reversal, jet reaching liver veins Additional quantitative parameters Mild…

…metabolism, yielding desethylamiodarone as a major active metabolite. Both the parent drug and its metabolite accumulate extensively in various tissues, including the liver, lung, fat…

…may influence blood pressure, glucose–insulin homeostasis, lipids and apolipoproteins, endothelial function, systemic inflammation, liver fat synthesis, adiposity, thrombosis and coagulation, cardiac function, satiety, appetite…

…woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome—haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes or transaminases, and thrombocytopenia—is generally regarded as a severe preeclamptic phenotype or variant. Pathophysiology The…

…risk must be considered alongside thromboembolic risk. The HAS BLED score includes hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, prior stroke, bleeding tendency or previous bleeding…

…CRP, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, glucose and lactate. Add a blood gas, coagulation tests and other investigations according to the clinical picture 5 Take…

…morphine Morphine has an active renally excreted metabolite that causes late sedation and respiratory depression Marked liver failure A reduced dose of all of them…

…75 years Start at half the adult dose and lengthen the interval Liver failure A reduced dose and a longer interval for all opioids Obesity…

…most superficially, where the distance from the skin is shortest, and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access…

…safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen…

…Taken immediately and repeated in impaired consciousness, or with insulin, a sulfonylurea, a beta blocker or liver failure Blood gas pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, lactate and…

…or a rising lactate Kidney A rise in creatinine, oliguria, or a urine output below 0.5 mL/kg/h Liver A rise in bilirubin,

…necessary. Impaired renal function : No dose adjustments are necessary. Impaired liver function : No dose adjustments are necessary. Elderly (≥ 65 years) : No dose adjustments are necessary…

…Amyloidosis: This form arises from the misfolding of transthyretin, a protein produced primarily in the liver [10]. ATTR is subclassified based on the TTR gene…

…in some cases, fatty liver disease. Interpretation of the Agatston Score The score should be interpreted both by its absolute value and in relation to…

…the reductions in hard cardiovascular outcomes (MI, stroke) and metabolic liver disease involve significant weight independent pathways. 15 Metabolic Reprogramming and Vascular Health GLP 1…

…comorbidities Frailty Liver cirrhosis Cognitive function and life expectancy, especially in older adults Previous sternotomy or CABG Patient preferences and expectations Frailty and liver cirrhosis…

…oxidative stress. Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease affects approximately 10% of non obese individuals and up to 65% of patients with metabolic syndrome. A…

…not shared to the same extent by statins. Inclisiran Inclisiran is a liver targeted small interfering RNA. It promotes degradation of the messenger RNA encoding…

…pulmonary vascular disease. This state is termed unclassified PH. Potential explanations include congenital heart disease, liver disease, airway or lung disease, and hyperthyroidism; follow up…

…validated tools, with the HAS BLED score being the most widely recommended. It evaluates Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke history, Bleeding history, Labile INRs…

…burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As soon as possible — kill it first…

…dietary fat and statins Popular blogs and media reach out to billions of individuals worldwide. They exert enormous influence over their visitors daily lives. However…

…tissue enzymes, including neprilysin. Their respective half lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations…

…low in healthy subjects; the 99 th percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5 ng/L). This is explained…

…heart disease (CHD) is the most common class of major congenital malformations. CHD occurs in approximately 1% of live births, and 10% of aborted fetuses…

…common cause. Ebstein's anomaly The prevalence of Ebstein's anomaly is approximately 1 case per 200.000 live births (Atthenhofer et al) . Figure 1…

… nausea is common. Tell the patient that the test will in all probability provoke intense but short lived vertigo, and that this is precisely the…