…resistance Thyroid disease Kidney disease Excessive alcohol consumption Diets high in carbohydrate or fat Glucocorticoids Beta blockers Oestrogen therapy Some antiretroviral therapies Post transplant medications…

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

…disease; preparation for renal replacement therapy is required 5 <15 mL/min/1.73 m² Kidney failure range Highest likelihood of requiring renal replacement therap

…CKD, especially advanced CKD; diabetic kidney disease; older age; diabetes mellitus; hypovolaemia or extracellular fluid depletion; congestive heart failure or other cardiac dysfunction; haemodynamic instability…

…15–29 Severely reduced G5 < 15 Kidney failure Albuminuria Albuminuria is an independent risk marker for both kidney failure and cardiovascular death — a patient…

…normal potassium the urine cannot be alkalinised. The kidney then chooses to excrete hydrogen ions instead of potassium, and the urine stays acidic however much…

…Renal Disease (MDRD) equation is a widely used tool for estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which assesses kidney function. Developed from the MDRD study…

…action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist. • Lowers blood pressure while maintaining or increasing kidney perfusion. Effects Dopamine 1 receptor agonists lower systemic blood pressure…

…constitute a cornerstone in the management of cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). These agents interfere with the renin angiotensin aldosterone system…

…anuria, in a dialysis patient, in severe acute kidney injury, in treatment failure or in ongoing massive potassium release. In cardiac arrest with suspected hyperkalaemia…

…intracerebral haemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular failure with pulmonary oedema, acute aortic syndrome, acute kidney injury, microangiopathic haemolysis, and severe pre eclampsia or…

…disorders. Patients with severe kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min). Patients with mild to moderate heart failure, kidney or liver disease, especially…

…reduced hemoglobin/hematocrit, bleeding history, insufficient kidney function, and treatment with antiplatelet agents. Research indicates that the ORBIT score may offer better discrimination and calibration…

…where diabetes specific risk assessment or risk categorization is applicable Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite…

…kidney dysfunction, sleep disordered breathing, cancer related disease and cardiac amyloidosis among the relevant clinical settings or comorbidities. HFrEF is distinguished from heart failure with…

…adverse events is increased by: advanced age; diabetes mellitus; chronic kidney disease or renal failure; congestive heart failure; prior stroke; emergency coronary angiography or PCI…

…offering profound benefits in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and peripheral artery disease (PAD)…

…collateral circulation. A first or anterior infarction. Single vessel disease without collateral support. Chronic kidney disease, particularly in relation to VSR. Large infarction, especially for…

…aldosterone responsive genes. Although the kidney is a major target—where MR activation promotes sodium transport—MRs are also present in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth…

…and excess cardiovascular risk. The European definition requires failure to reduce office systolic and diastolic blood pressure to below 140 mmHg and 90 mmHg, respectively…

…including: Cardiac causes Systemic causes Heart failure Sepsis Myocarditis Chronic kidney disease Cardiomyopathy Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage Takotsubo syndrome Pulmonary embolism Recent coronary revascularization Infiltrative…

…stroke, heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), aortic disease, and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Diabetes also substantially increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD)…

…A normal creatinine can conceal markedly reduced renal function. Acute kidney injury changes clearance from day to day. Reassess the dose daily and follow creatinine…

…if tolerated 70–79 Diabetes 120–130 70–79 Chronic kidney disease 130–139 70–79 Avoid a systolic pressure < 120 mmHg and a…

…suspension in water. A glass of water between doses of charcoal makes the drink more tolerable. A kidney dish, a beaker or a straw, tissues…

…sweating and pallor that may suggest phaeochromocytoma. Systemic sclerosis, kidney disease, autoimmune disease or previous thrombotic microangiopathy. Antidepressants can affect the blood pressure in several…

…A continuous infusion or repeated doses, according to the local protocol Renal failure The insulin requirement falls . Reduce the dose and measure more frequently Acute…

…irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37 °C ), a kidney dish, a towel, suction. Manual…

…intervention Within 60 min Contact intensive care in shock, rapidly progressive organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, impaired consciousness, or a need for a vasopressor After initial…

…with ticagrelor. The mechanism is unclear. Kidney function should be monitored according to clinical practice. Special attention should be given to patients ≥ 75 years, those…

…coronary disease. It is also the most prevalent antecedent of heart failure—particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—and chronic kidney disease. After approximately…

…The cardiovascular burden in women includes coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke; the lifetime risk for a 40 year old woman has been estimated…

…and ischaemia related ventricular failure as potential causes of shock. Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and…

Cardiology Definition and classification Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot deliver blood at a rate appropriate to tissue requirements…

…β cell failure, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Ectopic fat deposited around or within the heart and kidneys may exert direct compressive effects and releases additional…

…cardiovascular risk T2DM with chronic kidney disease Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with or without diabetes Heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum…

…The 2022 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America (AHA/ACC/HFSA) guidelines and the 2023 European Society of Cardiology…

…vasodilatation. D1 and D2 (dopamine receptors): activation of D1 and D2 in the kidneys and the splanchnic vascular bed leads to renal and mesenteric vasodilatation…

…60 to 65 mmHg is generally considered the minimum threshold necessary to ensure sufficient blood flow to vital organs such as the brain and kidneys…

…the kidneys, retina, and brain. Its clinical retinal signature includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy, acute heart failure…

…predominantly by atrial tissue; its midregional pro ANP assay may provide information comparable to BNP and NT proBNP in heart failure (HF). The biologically active…

…evaluation and ongoing management of patients on sotalol. Because the drug is excreted unchanged primarily by the kidneys, creatinine clearance must be assessed prior to…