Procedurer Almost all nosebleeds arise from Kiesselbach's plexus on the anterior septum and stop with correctly performed compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often…

CPR Electrolyte imbalance and cardiac arrest Significant electrolyte imbalances can precipitate cardiac arrest and are potentially reversible etiologies when promptly and appropriately addressed. Both venous…

…effect. Effects Potent blood pressure lowering effect. Pain relief. Delivery IV, IM, PO, transdermal Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute…

…this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to induce cardiac arrest or cause profound cardiopulmonary depression. Table 1 delineates substances for…

…Propranolol Class III K + channel blockers (prolongs action potential) Amiodarone , Dronedarone, Dofetilide, Ibutilide, Sotalol Class IV Non dihydropyridine L type Ca 2+ channel blockers Diltiazem…

…is more potent. Effects Antihypertensive. Antianginal. Time to onset of action 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action 5 to 10 minutes Delivery IV Dose…

…membrane. Time to onset of action : 1 minute. Duration of action : <10 minutes. Effects Potent blood pressure lowering. Antianginal effect. Reduces afterload and preload. Effective…

…Propranolol Class III K + channel blockers (prolongs action potential) Amiodarone , Dronedarone, Dofetilide, Ibutilide, Sotalol Class IV Non dihydropyridine L type Ca 2+ channel blockers Diltiazem…

…history (with emphasis on causes of AV blocks; please refer to theCauses of AV blocks) and physical examination. It is also reasonable to analyze cardiac…

…monitoring. The onset of action depends on the route of administration. Intravenous (IV) amiodarone generally acts within 1 to 2 hours. Oral onset is delayed…

…myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg/min Max : 40 μg/kg/min + +++++ +++ 0 Potent inotrope with slight chronotropic effect…

…Association (NYHA) classification. The source material specifically frames many pharmacological recommendations for patients with symptomatic NYHA class II–IV HFrEF. Advanced or refractory heart failure…

…myocardial O 2 consumption) Regular : 2.0–20 μg/kg/min Max : 40 μg/kg/min + +++++ +++ 0 Potent inotrope with slight chronotropic effect…

…the cells to threshold. Stimulation threshold is the minimum amount of energy required to reach threshold and evoke an action potential. The intensity of the…

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

…effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism…

…action 50 to 10 minutes Duration of action 30 to 60 minutes Delivery IV Dose Initial infusion dose: 0.1 μg/kg/minute iv…

…5 to 8 hours Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by 2.5–15 mg IV every 3 to 6 hours…

…action 1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15…

…to apolipoprotein(a). The length of apolipoprotein(a) varies because of genetically determined differences in the number of kringle IV type 2 repeats. Lp(a)…

…patient. Rate control in the stable patient Drug Situation Comment : : : Beta blocker (metoprolol) First choice in most cases The IV dose is titrated slowly. Caution…

…and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult Child : : : Adrenaline 1 mg IV/IO every 3–5 min. In asystole and PEA as…

…5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always assess the severity clinically…

…minutes Delivery IV (infusion). Dose Initial dose: 1 2 mg/h iv. Increase as necessary. Rapid titration is possible. Maximum dose: 21 mg/h iv…

…to onset of action 1 minute Duration of action 20 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Loading dose: 500 μg/kg bolus over 1 minute…

…<4 hours. Delivery IV or IM. Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4–6 hours. Infusion…

…effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism…

…mg every 10 minutes to a total dose of 300 mg. Infusion regime : • 0.5–2 mg/minute IV infusion. Higher doses are sometimes required…

…to onset of action 5 to 15 minutes Duration of action 1.5 to 5 hours Delivery IV Dose 5–15 mg/hour IV infusion…

…effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism…

…Reversal in major bleeding Drug Reversal : : Warfarin Prothrombin complex concentrate (dose by INR and weight) plus vitamin K 10 mg IV Dabigatran Idarucizumab (Praxbind) Apixaban…

…hyoid, 2 fingerbreadths from hyoid to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage M allampati Class III–IV indicates increased risk O bstruction/Obesity Stridor…

…vernakalant Severe aortic stenosis Systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg. Heart failure with NYHA class III–IV. Prolonged QT at baseline (uncorrected 440 ms)…

…Hypersensitivity to adenosine. Administration Normal route : Peripheral intravenous (IV). Alternative route : Central venous administration of adenosine is suitable in the intensive care unit or coronary…

…Management Recommendation Level of evidence Hypoxia Oxygen is indicated if SaO2 < 90% or PaO2 < 60 mmHg. I C Pain Titrated i.v. opioids…