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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…involvement. Work up of unexplained iron, B12 or folate deficiency when blood tests are insufficient. Contraindications Severe coagulopathy or ongoing anticoagulation — correct this first . Thrombocytopenia…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Critical care Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiogenic shock is a state of inadequate tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10…

Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible according to FASS, but the documentation is insufficient; check more frequently. Warfarin is often preferable…

Arterial line

…Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…Atelectasis and postoperative hypoxaemia. Hypoxaemic failure where high flow nasal oxygen is insufficient and the carbon dioxide is normal. Bilevel NIV: Acute exacerbation of COPD…

Targeted temperature management after cardiac arrest

…in patients who remain unconscious. The evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against active cooling to 32–36 °C. The HYPERION result means that…

🟠 ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score

…reduced hemoglobin/hematocrit, bleeding history, insufficient kidney function, and treatment with antiplatelet agents. Research indicates that the ORBIT score may offer better discrimination and calibration…

🟠 Lipid lowering therapy after ACS

…C ≥ 1.4 mmol/L (55 mg/dL): • Add ezetimibe (if not already added earlier). • Add a PCSK9 inhibitor (if statin + ezetimibe combination is insufficient).

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