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Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…ischaemia and presumed new ischaemic ECG changes. The distinction between myocardial injury and type 2 infarction is particularly important. Type 2 infarction requires clinical evidence…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

Cardiology Nephrology Definition and terminology Contrast associated acute kidney injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

Clinical chemistry & laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…Type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as an ischaemic myocardial injury occurring in the context of a mismatch between myocardial oxygen supply and demand…

Casting and immobilisation

…pulses and capillary refill. Check the skin, and remove rings and jewellery distal to the injury before the swelling develops. Procedure 1. Place the joint…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…with a high BMI, and that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with…

Wound suturing

…to its depth, and has not been assessed for tendon and nerve injury will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…exceed available blood flow. The resulting ischaemia threatens skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves and may progress rapidly to irreversible tissue injury. Skeletal muscle and nerves…

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