…intraosseous access if intravenous access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure…

…deposition. Untreated or inadequately treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore depend on the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of coronary, cerebral…

Critical care Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiogenic shock is a state of inadequate tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency…

…treatment inertia, in which patients remain on an inadequate single drug regimen for prolonged periods. The evidence supports improved blood pressure control and adherence, although…

…an inadequate response. First line treatment is oxygen in hypoxaemia, repeated doses of an inhaled short acting β2 agonist, ipratropium in more severe attacks, and…

…and both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk of aspiration. Inadequate…

…< 20 kPa (150 mmHg), and permissive hypercapnia as long as the pH stays above about 7.20. Different targets apply when the intracranial pressure…

…you are doing. Indications The laryngeal mask: A rescue airway when intubation has failed and bag mask ventilation is difficult or inadequate. The primary airway…

…avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury; always an orthopaedic surgeon, and usually general anaesthesia. An open dislocation. Inadequate analgesia or sedation —…

…myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete heart block (third degree AV block) and second degree AV block Mobitz type 2…