…dysfunction, and hypercoagulability [1] [2] . Mechanical stasis in AF is most pronounced in the left atrial appendage (LAA). The LAA is a highly trabeculated, windsock…

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of hemorrhage induced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019;140: 37 42…

…et al. A new risk scheme to predict warfarin associated hemorrhage: the ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) study. J Am Coll Cardiol…

…used in the following situations: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients. Active pathological bleeding , such as gastrointestinal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage…

…chest compressions. Hemorrhages, either manifesting externally or concealed internally, account for approximately half of all traumatic cardiac arrests. In the absence of evident hemorrhage, potential…

…a proximal dissection can result in hemorrhage within the pericardium. Ventricular rupture : A transmural infarction can cause a rupture in the left ventricular free wall…

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

…hemorrhage must be promptly considered as a differential, and immediate administration of 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid is recommended. In circumstances of hypotension and hemorrhage…

…management of modifiable risk factors. The HAS BLED score has demonstrated moderate predictive abilities for bleeding risks in AF patients, regardless of the type of…

…Lip GY. Performance of the HEMORR₂HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS BLED bleeding risk prediction scores in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing anticoagulation: the AMADEUS study. J…

…Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of ticagrelor with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors…

…Increased pulmonary blood flow. Ventricular arrhythmias Severe hypertension resulting in cerebrovascular hemorrhage Cardiac ischemia Sudden cardiac death Prolonged use may be cardiotoxic. Isoproterenol Bradycardia (first…

…Increased pulmonary blood flow. Ventricular arrhythmias Severe hypertension resulting in cerebrovascular hemorrhage Cardiac ischemia Sudden cardiac death Prolonged use may be cardiotoxic. Isoproterenol Bradycardia (first…

…and orthostatic stress. Situational triggers such as acute hemorrhage, cough, defecation, laugh, micturition, sneeze, swallow, and postprandial states. In some instances, patients may present with…

Akutsjukvård Kirurgi & trauma Lathundar Immediate management In massive haemorrhage it is rapid control of the bleeding that determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment…

…by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage. Bleeding outcomes The principal harm of aspirin in primary prevention is bleeding…

…trauma, burns or status epilepticus when peripheral access fails or is judged futile. Children in an emergency, where peripheral venous access often takes too long…

…smooth surface and a nucleus that often exhibits cavities, which consist of hemorrhages in the tumor. Polypoid myxoma usually causes haemodynamic complications due to obstruction…

…thrombolysis as soon as haemorrhage and contraindications have been excluded. CT angiography or transport planning must not delay treatment unnecessarily. 10. In unknown time of…

…blood pressure in combination with new or progressive acute target organ damage. Common manifestations are hypertensive encephalopathy, intracerebral haemorrhage, acute coronary syndrome, acute left ventricular…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…are poor and the median nerve lies close by. Preparation and equipment Arterial catheter, usually 20 G in an adult; a smaller size in children…

…the right place. In suspected bacterial meningitis it is the time to antibiotics that saves the patient — the puncture must never delay it. Indications Suspected…

…Recent intracranial haemorrhage without a fresh assessment of benefit and risk. An inability to attend for sampling and follow up — relative, but in practice decisive…

…Intramural haematoma IMH is haemorrhage within the aortic media without an identifiable communication between the aortic lumen and the haematoma and without a visible intimal…

…is confined to the ascending aorta. Type III: originates in the descending aorta, usually just distal to the left subclavian artery. Type IIIa: remains confined…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

…vary in burden and may lead to distal coronary embolization, resulting in myocyte necrosis. Plaque rupture may be further complicated by intraluminal thrombosis or haemorrhage…

…upper reference limit (URL). It is considered acute when there is a rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not…

…hypertension with or without left ventricular hypertrophy. Among patients with NSTE ACS undergoing angiography, approximately 10% have no critical epicardial stenosis. In some of these…

…early. In cirrhosis or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol in uncontrolled bleeding, shock…

…includes flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and papilloedema. Associated complications may include encephalopathy, acute heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and abrupt deterioration in renal function…

…cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock…

…hemorrhagic shock, a dog model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2016;81:27 33. Wallmuller C, Meron G, Kurkciyan I, et al. Causes of in…

…ECG changes and clinical features The pericardium is a double walled sac in which the heart and the roots of the great vessels are contained…

…cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock…