…In many cases, the initiating process is plaque disruption with thrombosis; other cases result from spasm, microvascular dysfunction, embolism, dissection, hypotension or shock, respiratory failure…

…arise at sites of disturbed flow, including branch points in the epicardial coronary arteries. Early lesions may undergo positive or compensatory remodelling, in which the…

…here from several international guidelines. The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in…

…B, Lane DA, Lip GYH. Comparison of bleeding risk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the AFFIRM trial. J Intern Med . 2018;283…

…bleeding risks in AF patients, regardless of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or superiorly to other bleeding…

…risk in AF patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy. References 1. Gage BF, Yan Y, Milligan PE, et al. Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from…

…by increased serious gastrointestinal bleeding and a non significant increase in cerebral haemorrhage. Bleeding outcomes The principal harm of aspirin in primary prevention is bleeding…

…disease Cardiomyopathy Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage Takotsubo syndrome Pulmonary embolism Recent coronary revascularization Infiltrative disease, such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents…

…Exclude intracerebral haemorrhage and assess early ischaemic changes CT angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular…

…Intubation is reasonable in: a reduced level of consciousness with inadequate protective reflexes active major haematemesis severe agitation respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged…

…or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the…

…the intima. Intramural haematoma differs from classic dissection because haemorrhage occurs within the media without imaging evidence of an intimal tear or flap. AAS is…

…smooth surface and a nucleus that often exhibits cavities, which consist of hemorrhages in the tumor. Polypoid myxoma usually causes haemodynamic complications due to obstruction…

…and they tend to accompany each other. Therefore, the term perimyocarditis is often used in clinical practice (this article will use all three terms interchangeably…

…ischaemic stroke, resulting from the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that provide blood to deep structures. Lacunar stroke results in five classical lacunar syndromes, namely…

…In the nationwide Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the 30 day survival for traumatic cardiac arrest is 2.5%. As per data from the registry…

…JE, Gwyther R, Kirkman E. Closed chest compressions reduce survival in an animal model of hemorrhage induced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019;140: 37 42…

…tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact transfusion medicine before transfusing again. Preparation and equipment…

Akutsjukvård Kirurgi & trauma Lathundar Immediate management In massive haemorrhage it is rapid control of the bleeding that determines the outcome. Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen…

…and orthostatic stress. Situational triggers such as acute hemorrhage, cough, defecation, laugh, micturition, sneeze, swallow, and postprandial states. In some instances, patients may present with…

…Recent intracranial haemorrhage without a fresh assessment of benefit and risk. An inability to attend for sampling and follow up — relative, but in practice decisive…

…deficits are less common in type A IMH than in classic type A dissection. PAU often differs clinically from classic dissection in that most patients…

…myocardial injury alone is an entity in itself and may arise from non ischaemic cardiac conditions (such as myocarditis) or non cardiac conditions (such as…

…cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock…

…used in the following situations: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients. Active pathological bleeding , such as gastrointestinal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage…

…precautions, and other relevant information for the drug Ticagrelor . Table 1 Summary Indications Ticagrelor, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention…

…bedside echocardiography. This reveals pericardial fluid, suggesting hemorrhage in the context of cardiac arrest cases. Highly echogenic fluid indicates that the blood has coagulated, making…

…Increased pulmonary blood flow. Ventricular arrhythmias Severe hypertension resulting in cerebrovascular hemorrhage Cardiac ischemia Sudden cardiac death Prolonged use may be cardiotoxic. Isoproterenol Bradycardia (first…

…risk factor [2] . This change reflects robust evidence that female sex alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, does not significantly increase stroke risk. Conversely…

…hypovolemia and other etiologies of hypotension remain the predominant causes of cardiac arrest. Should cardiac arrest occur postpartum, hemorrhage must be promptly considered as a…

…Increased pulmonary blood flow. Ventricular arrhythmias Severe hypertension resulting in cerebrovascular hemorrhage Cardiac ischemia Sudden cardiac death Prolonged use may be cardiotoxic. Isoproterenol Bradycardia (first…

…Ménière's disease, TIA and arrhythmia, among others. Acute severe balance disturbance without nystagmus: HINTS does not apply. Assess gait and truncal stability and investigate…

…Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…haemorrhages, exudates, cotton wool spots or papilloedema. Intravenous treatment is required if there is concomitant acute life threatening organ damage. Isolated malignant retinopathy without other…

…that determines how quickly the volume reaches the patient. Preparation and equipment Cannulae in several sizes, a tourniquet, chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, gauze…

…resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries might cause apnea or hypoventilation. Respiratory conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness…

…cardiac massage in trauma shock. J Trauma 1989; 29:1430 3 . Jeffcoach DR, Gallegos JJ, Jesty SA, et al. Use of CPR in hemorrhagic shock…