…majority of cases, and the great majority of objects can be removed in general practice or in the emergency department with simple equipment. Two principles…

…and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus…

…in the early hours following infarction may be associated with hemodynamic compromise. More broadly, bradyarrhythmic arrest and asystole represent severe manifestations of impulse generation or…

…men and 460 ms for women. While there is no absolute QTc threshold at which TdP occurs, a QTc ≥ 500 ms is associated with a…

…guideline discussion. By contrast, the benefit of beta blockers in patients with CAD without previous MI and with normal LVEF is uncertain. Similarly, evidence for…

…the dose of prasugrel; extending DAPT beyond 12 months in carefully selected patients with high ischemic risk and low bleeding risk. These strategies are intended…

…Lesions due to heart surgery Myocarditis Collagen disease Amyloidosis Risk of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (tachycardia) Sinus node dysfunction is also associated with a high risk of…

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…Sjögren syndrome, gout and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Collectively, these disorders are associated with excess cardiovascular disease (CVD), although the cardiovascular phenotype varies substantially between diseases…

…TIA) or stroke. The risk associated with asymptomatic disease depends substantially on stenosis severity and plaque characteristics. In the general population, the prevalence of asymptomatic…

…and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has also been associated with lower overall major adverse cardiac events and mortality in pooled analyses of…

…absence or hypoplasia. Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva is associated with increased sudden death risk, particularly in…

…and the accompanying lipid lowering regimen. Ezetimibe is particularly relevant when the residual LDL C reduction required is greater than can reasonably be obtained with…

…Type 4c MI: MI associated with in stent restenosis. Type 5 MI: MI related to CABG. Type 4b and type 4c events fulfil the criteria…

…permit vascular remodelling and renal impairment to develop, leaving persistent hypertension despite correction of the initiating disorder. Earlier diagnosis is associated with a greater likelihood…

…the wide use of pacemakers and the trend towards increased use of cardiac devices in general, it is crucial to be familiar with these devices…

…and density (D) of the liquid: Formula 2 : K = 0.5 • D blood • v 2 With regards to echocardiography and ultrasound imaging in general…

…the adverse effects and the important precautions. A hypertensive emergency is defined by a markedly raised blood pressure in combination with new or progressive acute…

…The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm size. Larger aneurysms and more rapid expansion are associated with increasing likelihood of symptoms, complications and rupture…

…receive both lifestyle and antihypertensive drug therapy. For grade 1 hypertension, pharmacological treatment has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit, although in younger individuals with low short term…

…single) T wave inversion in lead V1 is common and normal. It is generally concordant with the QRS complex (which is negative in lead V1…

…Study, which demonstrated that high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, among other risk factors, were strongly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction…

…atrial flutter, AVNRT and AVRT (pre excitation, WPW syndrome) being the most common. Atrial fibrillation with onset during hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis), alcohol overdose, thoracic surgery, acute…

…due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with large T wave amplitude), and QT prolongation…

…due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with large T wave amplitude), and QT prolongation…

…by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within this spectrum, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF…

…A2 promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Because aspirin affects only one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that…

…reduction varies according to the statin, dose, and individual response. In general, statins reduce LDL C by approximately 30–55%; doubling the dose produces an…

…The treatment repertoire includes surgery, catheter interventions, and medical therapies. Adults with congenital heart disease are mostly managed in GUCH clinics (Grown Up Congenital Heart…

…a general degeneration of the atrial conduction system. Individuals with atrial fibrillation and bradycardia have bradycardia–tachycardia syndrome. Careful management is warranted in patients with…

…sex , and race based percentile Comparison with the expected score for a person of the same age and sex CAC may also reveal extracoronary findings…

…the volume, echogenicity and location of the effusion. Regarding the location, an effusion may be general (circumferential) or localized to a specific area. The effusion…

…4c MI caused by restenosis Type 5 MI associated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Types 4b and 4c fulfil the criteria for type 1…

…the conduction defect and the affected ventricle. In general, a conduction defect in the left ventricle is more significant, as compared with a defect affecting…

…BSA [body surface area]). Approximately 85% 90% of healthy individuals in the general population exhibit a small tricuspid regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

…Posterior shoulder dislocation, which is often associated with fracture and requires an orthopaedic surgeon. Dislocation of a native hip (as opposed to a prosthesis) — a…

Farmakologi & dosering Infektionssjukdomar Lathundar The doses below are taken from the Strama Stockholm recommendations 2025/2026 and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min …

…diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness, pressure, and discomfort in the chest…

…prophylactic intubation reduces aspiration or mortality. It has on the contrary been associated with more pneumonia and a longer stay, although the results are influenced…

…oxygen demand despite smaller ejection fractions. In general, individuals with small ventricular volumes tend to have high ejection fractions. This inverse relationship appears to be…

…Rheumatic fever. Endocarditis. Heart surgery (can cause permanent bradycardia). Hypothyroidism. Medullar lesion. Increased intracranial pressure. General hypoxia. Autonomic nervous system Neurocardiogenic syncope. Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity…

…of nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay Patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction delays are at twice as great a risk of all cause death and cardiovascular death…

…neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a worse outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock…

…younger the patient presenting with hypertrophy, the more likely a genetic etiology. The genetic mechanisms underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are complicated and some gene variants may…