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Blood gas interpretation: quick reference for acid-base disorders

…blood gas in the same order every time. Skipping a step is a common reason why mixed acid base disorders are missed. The blood gas…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of acute poisoning consists of four parallel…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory support …

The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

…coronary and cerebral circulation, as well as allowing for gas exchange in the lungs. A large number of experimental and observational studies have been conducted…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…4. Take an urgent panel: creatinine, urea, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate or blood gas, calcium, phosphate, glucose and a full blood count. 5. Take a urine…

Lung function and respiration

…asthma. Severity in COPD Arterial blood gas Type 1 respiratory failure: PaO₂ < 8 kPa with a normal or low PaCO₂ — a problem of oxygenation…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…delay. 5. Start active warming and use a blood warmer. 6. Take a blood gas with lactate, pH, base excess, haemoglobin and ionised calcium, together…

Oxygen therapy

…fire hazard. Preparation and equipment A pulse oximeter, and the ability to take an arterial blood gas. An oxygen source with a flow meter, and…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…Blood samples can be taken at insertion; a blood gas and electrolytes can be interpreted, but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their…

Spirometry

…symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow…

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