…FVC is low with a normal or high ratio. Reversibility: an increase in FEV₁ or FVC of 10 % of the predicted value after a bronchodilator…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…The forces that drive coronary and cerebral perfusion, and ventilation of the lungs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose of…

…compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of…

…unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of…

…unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of…

…artery or its branches. In the majority of cases, the thrombus is formed in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis. Thrombi formed in…

…forces tend to cancel each other out. However, the ECG may show features characteristic of biventricular hypertrophy. Biventricular hypertrophy ECG In case the ECG or…

…appropriate specialty: Location Risk Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT…

…abdominal, or visceral, adipose tissue is more closely related to insulin resistance and the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than total adiposity alone. The…

…a leading cardiovascular researcher at the University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, is the force behind the comprehensive online course at ecgwaves.com…

…injuries (blunt force, lacerations, gunshot wounds) Asthmatic episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung pathologies In cases of benign pneumothorax…

…into the ischemic zone. Newly formed vessels, which may originate from other branches of the same coronary artery or another coronary artery, will alleviate the…

…or altogether subsides; have . . . formed a constituent part of the character of Angina Pectoris. Atherosclerosis: the cause of coronary artery disease The underlying cause is…

…because of the severe reduction of coronary flow caused by acute atherothrombosis. Table 1: Myocardial and ECG reaction in various settings with ischemia or increased…

…linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS…

…function of the following three variables: Aortic resistance (pressure). Left ventricular volume. Ventricular wall thickness (myocardial thickness). The left ventricle must generate sufficient contractile force…

…standard CPR, as per guidelines). Contusio cordis Contusio cordis refers to a contusion of the myocardium, greater vessels or valves, due to a direct, non…

…triangle formed between the acromion and the lower tip of the muscle insertion. 3. Stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger, or compress…

…artifacts is similar to that of reverberations. Figure 4. Mirror image artifact. Side lobe artifact A 2D image is formed by allowing the ultrasound beam…

…node. Thus, withdrawal of parasympathetic activity results in increased heart rate and increased impulse transmission across the AV node. Sympathetic fibers innervate the entire heart…

…For better or worse, ejection fraction has become virtually synonymous with left ventricular function. An obvious drawback with the use of the ejection fraction is…

…echocardiography. A common question is the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The…