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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…compression may be applied at all, and if so at what pressure. Palpable foot pulses are not an acceptable substitute, and in patients with diabetes…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…cold foot gives falsely low pressures. No smoking or coffee in the preceding hour. Remove socks and any compression stockings. Avoid measuring the arm pressure…

Abscess incision and drainage

…antibiotics are the treatment. Ultrasound shows the abscess as a hypoechoic or heterogeneous area whose contents move under pressure; cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies that an asymptomatic rise in blood pressure must be treated urgently, which is not supported by evidence…

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Outcomes

…red meat. The principal evidence supported patterns are Mediterranean type and DASH style diets. Their effects are multidimensional and cannot be adequately inferred from changes…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores, loss of function, longer length of stay, institutional care…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…risk factors, type of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…disease — a risk of osteomyelitis and poor healing. Check the ankle brachial index and the foot status before any procedure on a toe. Critical ischaemia…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Calf symptoms are typical of femoropopliteal disease. More distal disease may cause foot symptoms, although lower extremity symptoms are much more common than upper extremity…

Inpatient insulin therapy: quick reference

Endokrinologi & metabolism Lathundar An inpatient has a different insulin sensitivity from at home: less food, more stress, often corticosteroids, often impaired renal function. Prescribe basal…

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