…the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory…

…mentioned below are discussed in detail in other chapters, to which links are provided throughout the text. Heart rate During the first week of life…

…result, pupils often dilate widely within 30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other words…

…the sinoatrial node) is a common finding in athletes and during sleep; in these scenarios, it should not be considered abnormal. On the other hand…

…spot, in three minutes, without drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The…

…complete in a minority Tachycardia, tachypnoea, cold periphery Almost always Pulsus paradoxus above 10 mmHg A fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration; one of…

…Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum…

…refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia. Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest :…

…SB in healthy young individuals who are not well trained. This is also a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other…

…have selected an objectively measurable finding in advance — usually ptosis or fatigable gaze palsy — that can be assessed before and during the window of effect…

In the second part of the course you will learn all about the normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of…