…as well as cases where the cause does not fall into the other categories. Trauma Cardiac arrest caused by violence, accidents, burns, or other trauma…

…from laboratory errors but from the wrong blood being given to the wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses…

…Normotension Normal Normal White coat hypertension Raised Normal Masked hypertension Normal Raised Established hypertension Raised Raised Nocturnal dipping: the pressure normally falls by 10–20…

…in respiratory compromise, low saturation, suspected carbon dioxide retention, reduced consciousness, or when NIV is being considered. 4. Give short acting bronchodilators. 5. Give a…

…give the first dose of broad spectrum antibiotics within 60 minutes of triage or arrival. This is supported by international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]…

…delivered while the patient deteriorates. Indications Emergency, irrespective of duration and anticoagulation status: Tachyarrhythmia with haemodynamic compromise: hypotension, shock, pulmonary oedema, myocardial ischaemia or a…

…treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography: Finding Comment : : Hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled…

…exercise capacity, an abnormal blood pressure response or ventricular arrhythmias. A fall in systolic blood pressure, particularly when accompanied by evidence of ischaemia, may indicate…

…presence of myocardial necrosis. NSTEMI is confirmed by a typical rise and/or fall of high sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs cTn), with at least one…

…the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However…