…arrhythmia. Undrained pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract…

…injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma, facial trauma. An anticipated course requiring a secured airway — transfer, heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications…

…hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic prophylaxis. Deep…

…a range of injuries. Any trauma impairing ventilation or gas exchange can cause hypoxia. Such traumas include cerebral, facial, airway and thoracic injuries. Tension pneumothorax …

…jawline, the ears. Anatomically hazardous areas: the branches of the facial nerve at the temple, the accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck…

…half life of adenosine. Anxiety Chestpain. Palpitations. Headache Hypotension. Facial flushing. Sweating. Bronchospasm Dyspnea Nausea Metallic taste Tightness in throat Lightheadedness, dizziness, tingling in arms…