…pressures. Excessive reduction in diastolic blood pressure may compromise coronary perfusion, particularly in patients with coronary disease. Excessive systolic reduction may be associated with falls…

…is therefore directed at identifying individuals at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of cardiovascular disease. The principal targets include blood pressure…

…LDL C reduction. Thus, even a modest absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure to lower…

…abrupt reduction or cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients…

…a risk based approach because cardiovascular benefit from blood pressure reduction may also occur in selected people whose pressure is elevated but below the conventional…

…and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and…

…reduction as in the table above for rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6 months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible according to…

…the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol production increases hepatic LDL receptor expression, thereby enhancing removal of LDL particles from the circulation…

…The principal benefits relevant to clinical cardiology include: Clinical setting or outcome Reported benefit of cessation Cardiovascular disease overall Substantial reduction in cardiovascular events and…

…Acute ethanol exposure has a negative inotropic effect and promotes peripheral vasodilation through reduced systemic vascular resistance. The resulting mild reduction in blood pressure is…

…reduction in coronary blood flow may produce myocardial ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), or, rarely, sudden cardiac death. SCAD differs pathogenetically from…

…results from abrupt reduction in coronary blood flow caused by thrombotic occlusion of a previously atherosclerotic artery. Plaque erosion or rupture exposes thrombogenic material to…

…objective is to reduce aortic wall shear stress and rapidly lower systolic pressure. Renal and microvascular complications Renal involvement may manifest as deterioration in renal…

…exposure sudden hypotension or severe bronchospasm during anaesthesia, a drug infusion or the administration of contrast medium Skin symptoms are absent in approximately 10 to…

…reaction. Procedure Intramuscular — deltoid 1. Expose the whole shoulder; rolling up a sleeve creates a constriction that distorts the anatomy and tempts the operator to…

…The transition from a quiescent plaque to a highly thrombogenic surface occurs via three primary mechanisms: Plaque Rupture: Accounting for 60 70% of ACS presentations…

Cardiology Nephrology Definition and terminology Contrast associated acute kidney injury is an acute deterioration in renal function occurring after exposure to iodinated contrast media, particularly…

…no reason to refrain from investigating postmenopausal bleeding or a visible cervical lesion. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications, but refrain or adapt in: The…

…saturation, chest movement and a blood gas. Ventilate by mask in opioid induced respiratory depression while naloxone is prepared C Pulse, blood pressure, peripheral perfusion…

…performed. CPR Initiate CPR in adherence to standard guidelines. However, refrain from rescue breaths to mitigate the risk of potential contaminants endangering the rescuer. Contact…

…symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow…

…mg once daily. Rationale: Patients in this age group have higher bleeding risk and increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel. Patients weighing <…

…to delayed assessment and undertreatment. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors Several conventional risk factors have sex dependent effects: Blood pressure rises more steeply in women from…

…by an increase in stroke volume. Symptomatic bradycardia may present with chronic or acute symptoms, ranging from chronic fatigue and exercise intolerance to sudden cardiac…

…ritonavir, and atazanavir) can lead to a significant increase in exposure to ticagrelor. Dosage: Acute Coronary Syndromes Treatment with Ticagrelor should start with a loading…

…FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to increased circulating LDL…

…spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left ventricular function may lead to myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia…

…while redistribution into initially hypoperfused regions suggests viability. What is myocardial redistribution? In myocardial perfusion imaging, redistribution refers to the movement of a radiotracer within…

…emotional stress, meals, or exposure to cold. Relieving factors, including rest or medication. Time of day and temporal pattern. Change in frequency, severity, or exercise…

…in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to…

…health care exposure and the risk of resistant organisms 0 to 60 min Empirical intravenous antibiotics in septic shock or in certain or highly likely…

…is particularly relevant when the decision to initiate or intensify preventive therapy is uncertain. Prevention guidelines support its use in selected individuals at intermediate risk…

…Basis CT generates cross sectional images from x ray attenuation measurements obtained at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units…

…AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis , which develops from several hours to approximately 4 days after infarction and is usually transient. Late post acute myocardial infarction…