…at the expense of higher radiation exposure and blurrier images. The absence of thallium uptake indicates non viable myocardium, while redistribution into initially hypoperfused regions…

…macrophages or foam cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Disruption of the cap exposes the lipid core and extracellular matrix to circulating blood. Tissue factor…

…treatment with ticagrelor. Caution is advised for patients with hyperuricemia or gout. Use of ticagrelor is discouraged in patients with uric acid nephropathy. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic…

…a state of inadequate tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency. Sustained hypoperfusion reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery and, when severe or prolonged…

…drinks weekly in females or at least 15 drinks weekly in males, or binge drinking in either sex. Other definitions of unhealthy drinking include at…

…magnitude of LDL C reduction. Thus, even a modest absolute reduction may be clinically important in individuals at high or very high risk. Prolonged exposure…

…Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or…

…the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The kidney is particularly vulnerable to toxic injury because of its high blood…

…confer risk independently of conventional factors, and whether they improve risk classification, remains incompletely established. Data concerning premature menopause and subsequent hypertension or diabetes are…

…period 24 to 72 hours Increasing autonomic hyperactivity and risk of complicated withdrawal 48 to 96 hours Delirium tremens with disorientation, fluctuating attention, agitation or…

…monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication, particularly clonidine, can also precipitate a hypertensive crisis…

…The other DOACs are possible according to FASS, but the documentation is insufficient; check more frequently. Warfarin is often preferable <15 or dialysis DOACs are…

…magnitude of untreated LDL C elevation. The presence and age of onset of premature CAD or other vascular disease. A history of myocardial infarction or…

…and reproducibility of symptoms. Associated syncope or palpitations, which may indicate bradyarrhythmia or ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Smoking exposure. Symptoms or diagnoses suggestive of migraine or Rayn

…an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of…

…or cold exposure. The absence of chest pain does not exclude clinically important CCS. Silent or minimally symptomatic disease may occur in patients with diabetes…

…disappearance of Korotkoff sounds; if sounds persist, the fourth Korotkoff sound is used. Office blood pressure: blood pressure measured in a clinical setting, manually or…

…are the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a common finding in both healthy and diseased individuals…

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of…

…and duration of exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. Primary prevention Primary prevention targets people without clinical CVD who nevertheless have established risk factors or an…

…increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss the case early with the poison control centre and with anaesthesia or intensive care…

…after exposure to a known or probable allergen , even if skin symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical warning symptoms are: hoarseness, stridor, swelling of the…

…mg once daily. Rationale: Patients in this age group have higher bleeding risk and increased exposure to the active metabolite of prasugrel. Patients weighing <…

…metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the interstitial collagen of the cap, leading to structural failure. Rupture exposes highly thrombogenic subendothelial matrix components, notably tissue factor and collagen…

…and quality of life may be equally important therapeutic objectives. Evidence from randomized trials is often less applicable to very frail or multimorbid patients because…

…Hypertension and oestrogen exposure. Emotional or chronic mental stress. Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which may produce arterial wall abnormalities and intramural haematomas. Inherited connective tissue disorders…

…if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due to aspiration risks and inconclusive evidence. However, in cases of iron, lithium, or potassium…

…for diagnosing CAD in stable patients with: Low clinical likelihood or no previous diagnosis of CAD Characteristics suggesting that good quality imaging is achievable It…

…that improve or resolve after reducing the dose or stopping therapy. It is divided clinically into: Complete intolerance: inability to tolerate any dose of any…

…single breath hold No intravenous line No premedication No special preparation Radiation exposure of approximately 1–1.5 mSv with contemporary techniques The total CAC…

…health care exposure and the risk of resistant organisms 0 to 60 min Empirical intravenous antibiotics in septic shock or in certain or highly likely…

…or pleural incision may expose cardiac antigens and initiate an inflammatory response. The presence of antibodies directed against cardiac tissue, the latent interval of several…

…Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or…