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Endotracheal intubation

…in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of…

Traumatic cardiac arrest

…myocardial infarction. Initial rhythm in traumatic cardiac arrest The initial rhythm in traumatic cardiac arrests comprises PEA in 60% of instances, asystole in 30%, and…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…a normal finding. Abnormal (pathological) causes of sinus bradycardia In all other situations, sinus bradycardia should be regarded as a pathological finding. Numerous pathological conditions…

Deceased donor organ donation

…intensive care patient in whom life sustaining treatment is withdrawn and total brain infarction is not expected to occur Death is confirmed by Direct criteria:…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…available. Infection in the area to be biopsied. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics. Areas at high risk of unsightly or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the shoulder…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…Direct the jet upwards and backwards along the superior wall of the ear canal , past the plug — not straight at it. The water should get…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…In many cases, the renal injury probably represents acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses…

Arterial line

…is still used in many units to assess the collateral circulation, but the test does not reliably predict ischaemic complications and should not decide the…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic…

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