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Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…In many cases, the renal injury probably represents acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile…

Endotracheal intubation

…in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…chloride available. Infection in the area to be biopsied. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics. Areas at high risk of unsightly or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury Preparation and equipment Otoscopy: an otoscope with a charged battery and clean disposable specula in…

Deceased donor organ donation

…intensive care patient in whom life sustaining treatment is withdrawn and total brain infarction is not expected to occur Death is confirmed by Direct criteria:…

Arterial line

…to close to the plane of the skin and advance a further 1–2 mm so that the catheter tip also lies in the lumen…

Adenosine: Administration Technique, Dose Escalation and Precautions

…the sinus and atrioventricular (AV) nodes. In addition to these direct effects, adenosine antagonizes catecholamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This inhibition decreases the accumulation of cyclic…

Myocardial Injury Versus Infarction: Interpreting Troponin Elevation

…fatal myocardial infarction in which death occurs before biomarkers can be obtained or become abnormal, in the presence of symptoms suggestive of ischaemia and presumed…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…for symptom relief in direct comparative studies, and combinations are frequently required. The central therapeutic aim is symptom control rather than modification of long term…

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