…HINTS is not a test for BPPV. It is used in the acute vestibular syndrome — continuous vertigo with spontaneous nystagmus, nausea and difficulty walking that…

…onset, continuous dizziness lasting hours to days, often with nausea, nystagmus, motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity…

…reliable in the hypoglycaemic range. Poor peripheral circulation, cold fingers, sampling errors and contamination can give erroneous values. If the measured value does not fit…

…However, randomized evidence has not shown a reduction in mortality or myocardial infarction with routine CTO PCI compared with medical therapy. Clinical presentation and symptoms…

…arrest, agonal breathing or cardiac arrest — intubate. Inability to protect the airway: a reduced level of consciousness not attributable to hypercapnia, marked swallowing difficulty, vomiting…

…diagnostic difficulty in a patient recently treated for AMI. Dyspnoea may occur, particularly when the effusion is substantial or when haemodynamic consequences develop. In patients…

…Loss of confidence in resuming normal activity Difficulty returning to work or recreational exercise Frailty or loss of muscle mass, particularly in older adults Patients…

…HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure, lipids and smoking cessation. Weight loss was considered extremely difficult across patient categories. However, the emergence of incretin based therapies, starting…

Cardiology Indications for pharmacologic agents Pharmacologic stress tests are indicated in the following scenarios: Inability to exercise due to physical limitations. Contraindications to exercise, such…

…common and occur in a wide range of conditions. Unfortunately, many clinicians tend to misinterpret the T wave and some find it difficult to put…