…s phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with an AV fistula or with planned vascular access for dialysis. Previous vascular surgery in the area. Coagulopathy and…

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

…1. Perform an ABCDE assessment, attach cardiac monitoring, secure intravenous access and record an ECG. 2. Confirm the potassium with a repeat sample, but do…

…masks the diagnosis has been disproved — withholding it delays the investigation instead. Preparation and equipment Working venous access and an infusion solution. A pulse oximeter…

…or is there approaching, an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is…

…and irregular ventricular rate (oscillometric measurement becomes unreliable), lymphoedema or a dialysis fistula in both arms, an arm circumference too large for the available cuffs…

… check more frequently. Warfarin is often preferable <15 or dialysis DOACs are not recommended. Warfarin after individual assessment Rule of thumb for the monitoring interval…

…on the same side. A paretic limb — poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there…

…pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis, and whenever the clinical course deviates from what was expected. The poison control centre is the…

…determines whether the treatment is safe is not the starting dose but the system around the patient : that the weekly dose is adjusted in small…