…propofol, or etomidate), routine blood pressure and oximetry monitoring, availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post shock bradycardia, and use of biphasic defibrillators …

…This helps explain the neurological manifestations of preeclampsia and the potential for stroke even at blood pressure levels that might otherwise be considered only moderately…

…a polymeric or polymer free drug delivery system, and an antiproliferative agent. Their development has improved procedural safety, reduced repeat revascularization, and broadened the range…

…vascular tone or both, and the appropriate action differs fundamentally between these cases. Pressures in the heart and pulmonary circulation Flow, resistance and oxygen transport…

…not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4. Take samples for blood grouping and cross matching…

…2.5 mg may terminate some tachycardias, and doses of 12 mg or less successfully terminate 92% of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), usually within 30 seconds…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…clinical and laboratory components; the diagnostic criteria themselves are not reproduced in the available source material. Waist circumference is particularly important because intra abdominal, or…

…and defibrillation energy levels should remain consistent with those used for non pregnant adults. The fetus is not harmed by defibrillation, amiodarone, or adrenaline (epinephrine…

…Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type…

…of true intrinsic activity and thus inappropriate pacemaker activity. As discussed in the previous chapter, the delivery of pacing pulses can be bipolar or unipolar…

…tissue and end organ perfusion caused by cardiac insufficiency. Sustained hypoperfusion reduces oxygen and nutrient delivery and, when severe or prolonged, produces multiorgan dysfunction and…

…set of valves, and a high flow nasal cannula where available. Bag mask equipment for a patient who is not breathing adequately. Choosing a system…

…calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or conduction. Clevidipine reduces…

…predominantly affects the left sided coronary circulation and may involve multiple vessels. Pregnancy associated SCAD can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery…

…successful primary preventive strategies, such as reduced smoking rates, aggressive lowering of blood lipids with statins and sophisticated treatments for hypertension. However, coronary artery disease…

…demand exceeds oxygen delivery. Prolonged and pronounced ischemia leads to right ventricular infarction. Whether infarction develops or not, the dilatation, increased afterload and ischemia results…

…Preeclampsia Preterm delivery Gestational diabetes Small for gestational age delivery Placental abruption Pregnancy loss Polycystic ovary syndrome Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea Fertility therapy and assisted reproductive…

…calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or conduction. Clevidipine reduces…

…calcium channel blocker. Clevidipine is highly selective for vascular smooth muscle cells and has little or no effect on myocardial contractility or conduction. Clevidipine reduces…

…3.0 Thereafter usually an antiplatelet drug or nothing Preparation and equipment INR, full blood count, creatinine with eGFR and liver function tests before starting…

…Increased intra ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Caution Used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or increased intracranial pressure. Fenoldopam doses and administration in hypertension.

…myocardial ischemia in the CCU or ICU. Time to onset of action 1 minute Duration of action 20 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Loading dose…

…minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion…

…Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…can also cause autonomic instability and hypertension [4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation :…

…Delivery IV, IM, PO, transdermal Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by…

…not a treatment for dyspnoea as such and must not be given uncontrolled simply because the patient feels breathless. Excessive oxygen delivery can raise pCO₂…

…MAP − ICP RASS −2 to 0 Lightly sedated to awake and calm CAM ICU Negative Screen for delirium every shift BIS (during neuromuscular blockade) 40…

…Duration of action <4 hours. Delivery IV or IM. Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4…

…perfusion. • Dose dependent elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and reduction in cerebral blood flow. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia…

…resuscitation (CPR). Prompt delivery of chest compressions, ventilations and defibrillation (when possible) are the strongest determinants of survival in cardiac arrest. All subsequent actions require…

…atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy, or echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling, make the diagnosis more likely. HFpEF and HFmrEF together account for approximately half…

…local setting instructions for the device available on the unit. Preparation and equipment A device capable of both CPAP and bilevel ventilation, or alternatively flow…

…and one or two leads . The pulse generator generates the electric current needed to stimulate the myocardium. The current is delivered to the myocardium via…

…such calibrations several times daily, and they include a backup algorithm that delivers a stimulus when failure to capture is confirmed. Oversensing Oversensing occurs when…

…ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should be considered a basic clinical skill. Pacing activity may be visible or invisible, depending…

…of the ventricular free walls is directed to the left and downwards ( Figure 7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting from…

…which delivers the electrical impulse to the posterior and inferior walls of the left ventricle. Anatomical or functional block in the anterior fascicle leads to…

…costly or invasive to screen a population. The surface ECG is the obvious cheap, standardized, universally available alternative, and it has been mined for predictive…

…or triggered activity (anywhere) may all cause ventricular arrhythmias. Indeed, any cell type in the ventricles may cause ventricular arrhythmias. Definitions and ECG criteria for…

…absorption and, in selected cases, enhanced elimination. For many poisonings, well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or…

…bempedoic acid in selected patients, particularly those with statin intolerance or persistent failure to reach goal. For statin intolerant patients, ezetimibe may be used initially…

…cardiac output, which postpones or mitigates cerebral injuries. No flow time and low flow time are critical parameters for determining the probability of survival. No…

…the number needed to treat (NNT) for various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early…

…then delivered while the patient deteriorates. Indications Emergency, irrespective of duration and anticoagulation status: Tachyarrhythmia with haemodynamic compromise: hypotension, shock, pulmonary oedema, myocardial ischaemia or…

…to enable the cardiopulmonary system to increase its delivery of oxygen to skeletal muscle and myocardium. The oxygen consumption – and thus oxygen demand – increases in…

Nitroglycerin Patients using nitroglycerin regularly may have developed tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand…

…minutes. Peak effect Within hours. Duration of effect 8 to 24 hours Delivery IV Dose Initial dose: 1.25 mg iv. Increase as necessary. Maximum…

…lowering effect than esmolol and labetalol. Time to onset of action 20 minutes Duration of action 5 to 8 hours Delivery IV Dose 1.25…

…of action 1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…4 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock, followed by asystole. ECG 7 . Asystole after shock. ECG 8 . Recurrence…

…fibrillation (VF). ECG 4 . Polymorphic VT progresses to ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 5 . Ventricular fibrillation (VF). ECG 6 . Delivery of shock during ventricular fibrillation (VF).