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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…indicated with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…Contact technique with a cryoprobe gives a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the…

Urinary alkalinisation

…forward. Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your national or regional poison…

Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)

…myocardium generates reflections with high amplitude and low Doppler shift. To analyze reflections from the myocardium, the ultrasound machine filters out all other reflected sound…

Oxygen therapy

…Discuss with your national or regional poison control centre. An open flame or smoking in the room: a fire hazard. Preparation and equipment A pulse…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile response. A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores, loss of function, longer length of stay, institutional care, readmission, cognitive decline and increased mortality [3…

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