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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…technique but the handling of the specimen — an aspirate that clots before the smears are made is unusable, no matter how well the puncture went…

Metabolic Syndrome: Definition and Clinical Significance

…clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities centred on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and impaired glucose regulation. Diagnosis is based on the coexistence of…

Anthropometric measurements

…without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist / hip Men 0.90, women 0.85 = abdominal obesity…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…ongoing compression therapy, and always in the event of new or increasing pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle brachial index, blood pressure cuff…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Continued bleeding despite compression and cautery (packing). Contraindications Cautery: Type Contraindication : : Absolute The source of bleeding cannot be identified Relative A pacemaker or ICD when…

The physiology of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

…cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) differ substantially from normal circumstances. The purpose of CPR is to create large variations in intrathoracic pressure by compressing, decompressing and ventilating…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…patient from tolerating compression. Preparation and equipment Equipment: a handheld Doppler probe 5–10 MHz, ultrasound gel, a blood pressure cuff of the correct size…

What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers defibrillation…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…lead to increased intrapericardial pressure, which in turn affects ventricular relaxation (and thus ventricular filling). This may even lead to compression of the ventricles during…

Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth

…by manual displacement of the uterus to the left. Consider tilting the patient at a 15–30° left lateral angle to relieve pressure on the…

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