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Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…do not delay treatment of a neurologically compromised patient. Continuous glucose monitoring reflects interstitial glucose and lags behind the blood glucose during rapid changes. Pressure…

Blood pressure

…Classification of office blood pressure Category Systolic Diastolic : : : : : Optimal < 120 and < 80 Normal 120–129 and/or 80–84 High normal 130–139…

Arterial line

…vasoactive treatment. Conditions in which blood pressure must be kept within narrow limits: aortic dissection, intracerebral haemorrhage, after cardiac arrest. Repeated blood gases, for example…

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) & Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)

…ventricle counteracts by developing hypertrophy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy implies left ventricular hypertrophy under normal loading conditions. Recommended reading Ventricular Pressure Volume Relationship: Preload, Afterload, Stroke Volume…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure, lipids and smoking cessation. Weight loss was considered extremely…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…blood pressure alone. Predictive Value : Elevated MAP has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, and mortality. Stability : MAP readings…

Blood Pressure Targets in Older and Frail Adults

…expectancy. Available randomized evidence has not demonstrated that frailty weakens the cardiovascular benefits of blood pressure lowering among the frailer participants enrolled in trials. In…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…the patient has not kept a diary. The set up and the instructions decide whether the investigation will be usable. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…up, but not necessarily acute normalisation in the emergency department [1,3]. Step 1: confirm the blood pressure and stabilise the patient Immediate assessment 1…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction: ST changes, T wave changes, arrhythmias…

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