…in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and ECG changes…

…organs than systolic blood pressure alone. Predictive Value : Elevated MAP has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, and mortality…

…the systolic blood pressure. A value of around 0.9 to 1.0 or higher in an adult trauma patient suggests significant hypovolaemia and an…

…to the fact that the pressure in the left atrium does not decrease when inhaled and, as a result, the blood flow from the pulmonary…

…of blood into the ventricle causes volume overload, which exhausts the ventricle and ultimately leads to dilatation. Hypertrophy is caused by pressure (systolic) overload Pressure…

…previous value below 40%. A patient whose LVEF has declined from a previous value of at least 50%. A patient with persistently mildly reduced systolic…

…overcome to force blood through a blood vessel. Vascular resistance is calculated by the ratio of the pressure difference (ΔP) and the flow over…

…s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At rest, PH is defined invasively by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP…

…meet and close the valve during systole. Poor coaptation leads to regurgitation. Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis is defined as a narrowing of the mitral valve…

…income countries, the majority of cases are caused by calcification of the aortic valve. Calcification has traditionally been considered a passive degenerative process, but emerging…