Procedurer The most serious transfusion accidents rarely stem from laboratory errors but from the wrong blood being given to the wrong patient — a mislabelled tube…

…and supplemental oxygen [1]. Distinguish between: Acidaemia and alkalaemia , which describe the current pH of the blood. Acidosis and alkalosis , which describe processes that lower…

…Classification of office blood pressure Category Systolic Diastolic : : : : : Optimal < 120 and < 80 Normal 120–129 and/or 80–84 High normal 130–139…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Clinical Context Blood pressure management in older adults must account for chronological age, biological age, frailty, multimorbidity, cognitive status, functional…

…the circumference, do not guess. Measure the blood pressure in both arms when fitting the device. Use the arm with the higher pressure, or the…

…term hypertensive urgency is best avoided. It implies that an asymptomatic rise in blood pressure must be treated urgently, which is not supported by evidence…

…Exercise performance (functional capacity, exercise capacity) Heart rate: maximal heart rate, heart rate response Blood pressure reaction ECG reaction: ST changes, T wave changes, arrhythmias…

…uniform perfusion that may appear deceptively normal on SPECT. Detecting multivessel disease requires quantification of absolute coronary blood flow. This is possible using PET scanners…

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

Cardiology Definition and pathophysiology Blood pressure is a continuous cardiovascular exposure rather than a binary distinction between normotension and hypertension. Its long term relationship with…