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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…in bed, lying down, standing up, tilting the head backwards. A symptom free interval between attacks, with possible residual unsteadiness. No hearing loss, tinnitus or…

Inotropes and vasopressors: doses, indications, contraindications and effects

…with inotropic and vasopressor effects, and they often need to be combined in order to optimise or correct the haemodynamics. Most agents exert both vasopressor…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…no. 15 scalpel. Topical anaesthetic cream (lidocaine–prilocaine) or infiltration anaesthesia for painful debridement. Wound bed dressing chosen by exudate volume, edge protection (zinc paste…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications, but be cautious and consider referral in: Diabetes with neuropathy or…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a new attack. A patient with vestibular neuritis or stroke, by contrast, is…

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and Holter ECG

…not to talk. Otherwise ordinary activities, including work. No showering or bathing. A diary of going to bed, getting up, medication intake, symptoms and any…

Intensive care parameters

…weight heparin unless contraindicated Head of the bed 30–45° Stress ulcer prophylaxis During mechanical ventilation, in coagulopathy, or with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding…

Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The load itself leads to impaired…

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