…intervention (PCI). They evolved from balloon angioplasty and bare metal stents (BMS) in response to restenosis caused principally by neointimal hyperplasia. Contemporary DES combine a…

…unreliable: marked obesity, pronounced vasoconstriction, arrhythmia, intra aortic balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma…

…drawstring, absorbable alternatives (oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin)…

…the stent progressively reduce the lumen. The stent scaffold prevents the external constriction that characterizes restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The biological response therefore occurs primarily…

…Plaque or thrombus may be dislodged by: Balloon inflation Atherectomy Stent implantation Manipulation of friable SVG lesions Embolic debris obstructs the distal microcirculation and may…

…Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes. A balloon catheter (a 5–6 Fr Fogarty or a Katz extractor). A local anaesthetic with a vasoconstrictor…

…mL or an equivalent cleansing solution, sterile gauze, sterile water for the balloon, a drainage bag and a catheter valve, and lubricant containing a local…

…the rhythm [4]. Mechanical Support : Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) may be required for hemodynamic support [4]. Advanced Therapies : Consideration…