CPR Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in…

…back to the lungs where it is exhaled. The final partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air represents the sum of ventilation, metabolic activity…

…through vacuum, sound waves can only propagate through a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue…

…at increased risk and reducing exposure to established, modifiable determinants of cardiovascular disease. The principal targets include blood pressure, lipid abnormalities, diabetes and glycaemic status…

…possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart. In adults…

…technique) 1. Palpate the course of the artery with two fingertips and note the direction. Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…ileus, third trimester pregnancy, marked reflux. A need for high airway pressures, for example severe ARDS, marked obesity or a stiff chest wall. Glottic or…

…An undrained pneumothorax. A high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is…

…oxygen requirement, a saturation below 93 per cent on air, or a falling PaO2 Circulation A systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or less, a…

…become calm, quiet in the chest and stopped struggling may be about to stop breathing. Diminishing wheeze means improvement only if air entry, speech, work…

…change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically…

…sampling technique, air bubbles and analytical delay, and compare with the electrolyte panel Rapid classification pH pCO₂ HCO₃ Likely dominant process : : : : Low High Normal or…

…to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and myocardium have intermediate values. Iodinated contrast increases the…