…a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute…

…volume of air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of…

…plugging. Expiratory flow limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension…

…due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart. In adults, however…

…e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Scope Primary prevention aims to prevent the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals without established clinical CVD. It…

…of carbon dioxide in exhaled air represents the sum of ventilation, metabolic activity, and perfusion. Increased aerobic metabolism, perfusion, and ventilation result in a higher…

…the wrong height , and the system is incorrectly damped . Both are checked in under a minute, and both are routinely missed. The third thing to…

…acidosis or alkalosis in a haemodynamically stable patient A venous blood gas is often sufficient as the first sample Precise pCO₂ in suspected ventilatory failure…

…probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions:…

…completely. Relative contraindications: A high risk of aspiration: a non fasted patient, ileus, third trimester pregnancy, marked reflux. A need for high airway pressures, for…

…high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the…

…4]. The first hour, in order The measures should in practice overlap. Document the time of the suspicion of sepsis, the first dose of antibiotic…

…at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and…