…patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway…

CPR Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in…

…become calm, quiet in the chest and stopped struggling may be about to stop breathing. Diminishing wheeze means improvement only if air entry, speech, work…

…possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart. In adults…

…through vacuum, sound waves can only propagate through a physical medium. This medium may consist of any matter, e.g air, water, metal, or tissue…

…and alcohol consumption. Additional considerations include psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family history, ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is…

…back to the lungs where it is exhaled. The final partial pressure of carbon dioxide in exhaled air represents the sum of ventilation, metabolic activity…

…technique) 1. Palpate the course of the artery with two fingertips and note the direction. Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin…

…sampling technique, air bubbles and analytical delay, and compare with the electrolyte panel Rapid classification pH pCO₂ HCO₃ Likely dominant process : : : : Low High Normal or…

…and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions: cap, mask…

…Laryngeal mask sizes Size Patient weight Maximum cuff volume (air filled mask) : : : 1 under 5 kg 4 mL 1.5 5–10 kg 7 mL…

…An undrained pneumothorax. A high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is…

…a new oxygen requirement, a saturation below 93 per cent on air, or a falling PaO2 Circulation A systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or…

…to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and myocardium have intermediate values. Iodinated contrast increases the…