…colchicine requires attention to the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Mechanisms of action Colchicine Colchicine…

…are at increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in general. This is not surprising given the adverse effects of long periods of tachycardia and desynchronized atrial…

…and thus the selection between them may be guided by individual patient needs rather than by a distinct advantage of one drug over the other…

…87 95% confidence interval: 0.79–0.96 P = .004 Other summaries of the trial describe a 14% reduction in the same composite outcome…

…other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and potential drug…

…or verapamil, although this is not an established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications…

…drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action, the onset, the duration of effect, the dosing, the adverse effects and the…

…troublesome adverse effects, give a further 8 mg intravenously , slowly. Rapid injection increases the risk of nicotinic effects with paradoxically increasing weakness. 6. Assess the…

…myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower…

…arrhythmogenesis through diabetic neuropathy and adverse metabolic effects, independently of coexisting CAD, previous myocardial infarction or HF. Nevertheless, the risk of arrhythmia and sudden cardiac…

…their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS…

…effects, and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other…

…other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator or institutional experience Assessment of coronary complexity The…

…These changes contribute to the complexity of defining an appropriate treatment target, particularly when a lower DBP, orthostatic hypotension, or impaired autonomic compensation limits tolerability…

…available. Drugs for procedural sedation and analgesia according to local practice and the guidelines of the Swedish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAI)…

…its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism of action Enalaprilat is the active…

…egg), of which the maximum dose per 24 hours is 1000 mL. Adverse effects Headache. Nausea. Fever. Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used…

…min. Maximum infusion dose: 300 μg/kg/min. Bolus doses of 300 μg/kg can be repeated during infusion. Adverse effects Flushing. Nausea…

…to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation. No effect on…

…Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by 2.5–15 mg IV every 3 to 6 hours. Adverse effects Vomiting. Dizziness…

…μg/min. Time to onset of action: 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action: 5 to 10 minutes. Adverse effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia …

…of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and stent thrombosis. Premature DAPT interruption is described as the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in this setting. The…

…than either drug alone. Long term efficacy data remain limited, and the possibility that chronic If channel blockade could increase sympathetic activity, with adverse remodelling…

…Withdraw slowly. • Simultaneous use of tricyclic antidepressants reduces the effect of clonidine. • Clonidine increases the CNS depressive effects of alcohol and sedatives. Clonidine doses and…

…minutes to a total dose of 300 mg. Infusion regime : • 0.5–2 mg/minute IV infusion. Higher doses are sometimes required. Adverse effects Vomiting…

…Any of the drugs listed below may be used to treat hypertensive emergencies. The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should…

…severe primary HTG, whether specialist lipid assessment is required. A comprehensive cardiovascular assessment should include review of modifiable risk factors and associated disease. The supplied…

…Any of the drugs listed below may be used to treat hypertensive emergencies. The desired time to action, contraindications and risk of adverse effects should…

…and effect on activities of daily living. Workload or exertion required to provoke symptoms. Response to current antianginal therapy. Adverse effects that restrict further drug…

…for mor than 10 minutes. Administer sodium thiosulfate (cyanide into thiocyanate) and terminate infusion of nitroprusside if cyanide toxicity is suspected. Adverse effects • Nausea. Vomiting…

…immune activity. Statin intolerance refers to adverse effects attributed to statin treatment that improve or resolve after reducing the dose or stopping therapy. It is…

…an effect not shared to the same extent by statins. Inclisiran Inclisiran is a liver targeted small interfering RNA. It promotes degradation of the messenger…

…digoxin treatment. Adverse effects of digoxin The incidence of adverse drug reactions is high, owing to the narrow therapeutic index of the drug. Digoxin is…

…coronary vasodilation. This selectivity minimizes activation of A1, A2B, and A3 receptors, which are associated with adverse effects such as bronchoconstriction and atrioventricular block. Adenosine…

…Reflex tachycardia is the rule after a rapid fall in blood pressure. Drug Indications Dosing α1 β1 β2 D1/D2 Effect Adverse effects : : : : : : : : : : : : : Dopamine — low…

…Because of the drug's unusual pharmacokinetics, serious arrhythmia indications, and potential adverse effects, consideration should be given to initiating therapy with the patient hospitalized…

…rather than ECG, are the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes. Non acute or asymptomatic bradycardia Non acute bradycardia is a common finding in both healthy…

…DICT = Drug induced cardiotoxicity Trade Name Generic/Proper Name(s) Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity…

…70–79 Avoid a systolic pressure < 120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure < 70 mmHg on treatment — the benefit plateaus and adverse effects increase…

…1 μg/kg/minute iv. Titrated at 15 minutes intervals. Maximum infusion dose: 1.6 μg/kg/minute Adverse effects Headache. Flushing. Tachycardia…

…crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity. Effects Primarily causes afterload reduction…

…syndromes (ACS). Its principal therapeutic objective is reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), the primary lipid target in contemporary secondary prevention. Statins inhibit…

…administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome. At the same time, serious adverse effects are…

…causes dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, decreases total peripheral resistance, decreases systemic blood pressure, and decreases afterload. Nicardipine has antianginal and antihypertensive effects…

…For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood pressure…

…cells. These cellular mechanisms remain proposed explanations for observed clinical effects. Cardiovascular and renal disease associations Diabetes substantially increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…

…failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope, autonomic dysfunction, adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications…

…than simply increasing the dose of a single drug. They may also permit lower doses of each component, potentially limiting adverse effects and facilitating adherence…

…The clinical consequences are particularly important when pulmonary vascular obstruction is accompanied by limited cardiopulmonary reserve or other adverse comorbidity. The classification of acute PE…

…was associated with a threefold increased risk of an adverse neurological outcome. In summary, while the absence of a pupillary reflex upon hospital admission post…

…risk. Left Atrial Diameter (LA) : Enlargement of the left atrium is a marker of elevated left ventricular filling pressures and is linked to adverse outcomes…

…from 0.45 to 0.76). Lack of Clinical Variables : The original SYNTAX Score focuses solely on anatomical factors, ignoring clinical variables such as age…

…profile. Predicting Outcomes : It predicts 10 year mortality and 5 year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) with greater accuracy than the original SYNTAX Score. Heart…

…especially affected. The principal determinant of adverse outcome is aneurysm size. Larger aneurysms and more rapid expansion are associated with increasing likelihood of symptoms, complications…

…and control the adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells. Dyslipidaemia, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other adverse influences disturb these functions. The resulting endothelial…

…The rationale for complete revascularization is that untreated, flow limiting disease may continue to cause ischaemia, recurrent symptoms, myocardial infarction, or other major adverse cardiovascular…

…Others have no recognized history of angina or MI, making the distinction from primary dilated cardiomyopathy particularly difficult. When present, the clinical picture may include…

…quantify stress induced myocardial ischaemia. Detect and characterize myocardial scar. Estimate the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Assess left ventricular volumes, regional wall motion…

…Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale There is a strong correlation between a person's perceived exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate…

…during exercise may signal an adverse clinical response. Recreational activity should therefore be increased at an appropriate intensity, with attention to the emergence of symptoms…