…and temporal onset. Distinguishing between acute and chronic hyponatremia, based on the rapidity of onset, is of paramount importance. The primary concern in correcting hyponatremia…

…symptoms. Typical acute manifestations include severe pain, hypotension and abdominal tenderness. Leakage or rupture is life threatening and requires emergency operation or endovascular repair. AAA…

Cardiology Endocrinology & metabolism Definition and Pathophysiology Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiometabolic abnormalities centred on abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and…

…should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy, renal failure or simply deterioration…

…palpitations, back pain and selected cases of upper abdominal pain. An ECG recording costs approximately $10 (10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in…

…new onset marked weakness rapidly progressive symptoms from several organ systems severe abdominal pain or repeated vomiting after probable allergen exposure sudden hypotension or severe…

…Waist / hip Men 0.90, women 0.85 = abdominal obesity Waist–height ratio Waist / height 0.5 = increased risk, irrespective of sex Mid…

…red marrow is abundant, and the distance to vessels and abdominal organs is large. The sternum may be used for aspiration when the iliac crest…

…surgical ward. Decompression in severe vomiting where the stomach does not empty. Intraoperatively and postoperatively after major abdominal surgery, according to local practice. Enteral nutrition…

…gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment effect and of…